# Glossary

Each entry gives a short definition and links to the page that explains the term in full. Terms in **bold** are the words you see on screen.

## A

**Accepted upload.** An upload you have finalized. Only accepted uploads feed your portfolio; a draft does not. An accepted upload can be reopened from Upload History to check or adjust its mapping, or deleted. See [Upload History](/uploading/upload-history/).

**Active organization.** The one organization you are working in at a time. Everything you see, from the portfolio to Upload History, belongs to it. Vintage remembers it across sign-outs and devices, and the organization switcher at the top of the sidebar changes it. See [Accounts and organizations](/getting-started/accounts-and-organizations/).

**Adjusted term.** In Pricing, the priced loan's expected life: the weighted-average life of every dollar of principal that leaves the loan, whether it is repaid on schedule, prepaid, or charged off. Because defaults count, it is shorter than a prepayment-only life. See [Loan pricing](/concepts/loan-pricing/).

**Admin.** The role with full control of an organization: everything an editor can do, plus managing the team, renaming the organization, and the IP allowlist. See [Roles and permissions](/reference/roles-and-permissions/).

**Age.** How many months a loan has been on the book since origination. Every curve in Vintage is read by age rather than by calendar date, so loans made in different years contribute side by side at the same age. See [Vintage analysis](/concepts/vintage-analysis/).

**Amortization inputs.** Term (Months), Maturity Date, and Interest Rate. They fix a loan's term and note rate and feed the projections only; no measurement amortizes with them. See [Standard fields](/reference/standard-fields/#the-amortization-inputs).

**Arrived already closed.** A loan that originated before your data begins and whose ending is already on the first row Vintage sees. There is no month in which it was observed at risk, so it books no event and no loss, is held out of the curves, and is counted. On the Portfolio screen its status carries the note **Closed before data begins**. See [How a loan's ending is decided](/concepts/how-a-loan-ends/).

**As-of date.** The latest snapshot month across your whole portfolio, not only the slice you are viewing. Every slice is aged and cut off at the same date, so any two slices are comparable. See [Vintage analysis](/concepts/vintage-analysis/).

## B

**Backfill.** Your historical months loaded at once, usually as the first upload: one file holding many months of snapshots, or many monthly files under the same card. Older history can be added later; Vintage places every month by its snapshot date, not by when it was uploaded. See [Preparing your data](/getting-started/preparing-your-data/).

**Balance-weighted.** Every rate and curve in Vintage weights each loan by its balance, the CECL and SIFMA convention, rather than counting every loan equally. See [Vintage analysis](/concepts/vintage-analysis/).

**Balance-weighted term.** The cohort's representative contractual life: each modeled loan's term weighted by its original balance, rounded to a whole month. It is the age the curves are projected to and the age the lifetime loss is read at. The screen calls it the cohort's contractual term. See [Vintage analysis](/concepts/vintage-analysis/).

**Balance-years.** The one denominator every pricing component shares: the sum of the month-by-month table's beginning-balance column, divided by 12. ROA, NIM, and ROE are annualized over it, not over an average balance. See [Loan pricing](/concepts/loan-pricing/).

**Basis point.** One hundredth of a percentage point. A gap of 25 basis points is 0.25%. Pricing states the gap between your proposed rate and the required rate in basis points. See [Pricing a loan](/modeling/pricing-a-loan/).

**Blocked.** See **Ready, Ready with gaps, Blocked**.

**Break-even month.** The month the priced loan's cumulative profit turns positive and stays positive: the last crossing, not the first. A loan that ends under water reports that it does not break even. See [Loan pricing](/concepts/loan-pricing/).

**Build-up.** The required rate shown as a list of components you can check by hand: funding cost, expected credit loss, interest forgone on defaulted balances, origination and servicing costs, fees as credits, custom line items, the equity funding credit on the ROE path, and your required return. When you model the loan at your proposed rate instead, the same components are read the other way, as a return build-up. See [Reading pricing results](/modeling/reading-pricing-results/).

**Bullet tenor.** In Pricing, the single term on your funding curve that the loan's blended strip funding is equivalent to: the average month in which the loan's principal comes back, weighting each dollar by how long it stayed outstanding. See [Loan pricing](/concepts/loan-pricing/).

## C

**Charge-off.** A bank's write-off of principal it does not expect to collect. Vintage reads charge-offs from amount columns, from flag or status values you classify, and from a typed transaction ledger. See [Charge-offs and recoveries](/concepts/charge-offs-and-recoveries/).

**Choose Files.** The first upload stage, where you add files and declare each one's file group by choosing its card. Vintage reads the column headings in your browser; nothing is uploaded yet. See [Choosing files](/uploading/choosing-files/).

**Cohort.** The loans in the segment the Modeling screen analyzes. Its curves are computed over the cohort's modeled loans, with loans originated at different times stacked by age, so each age's rate draws on every loan that reached it. See [Vintage analysis](/concepts/vintage-analysis/).

**Column Mapping.** The upload stage where each column in your file is mapped to a Standard field or kept as a Custom attribute, once per file group. See [Mapping columns](/uploading/mapping-columns/).

**Conditional prepayment rate (CPR).** The annualized form of the single monthly mortality (SMM): `CPR = 1 - (1 - SMM)^12`, the share of the balance that would prepay over a year if each month prepaid at that SMM. It compounds rather than multiplies, so an SMM of 1% is a CPR of about 11.4%, not 12%. See [Prepayment speeds](/concepts/prepayment-speeds/).

**Contractual term.** See **Balance-weighted term**.

**Coverage.** How many loans in the whole portfolio have a value for a field. The Segment Builder shows it under each field's name, and the Fields screen shows it for each custom field. See [Segments](/portfolio/segments/).

**Credit loss.** One of the three modeled outputs: principal lost to charge-offs, net of recoveries, shown as a share of the cohort's original balance. See [Credit loss measurement](/concepts/credit-loss-measurement/).

**Cumulative loss curve.** The credit-loss chart: at each age, the share of the cohort's original balance lost to net charge-offs so far. It is the running sum of each age's loss rate, so it accumulates and never restates, and more data arriving cannot make it fall. See [Credit loss measurement](/concepts/credit-loss-measurement/).

**Custom attribute.** The mapping target for a column Vintage does not understand semantically. The column is kept as is, under its own name, and can be filtered on later. It is never a way to drop a column. See [Mapping columns](/uploading/mapping-columns/).

## D

**Date format.** The declared order a date column's values are written in: year first, month/day/year, day/month/year, or a written month name. Vintage suggests it from the column's own values, defaults ambiguous dates to US month/day order, and applies it as each file is read in. See [Declaring formats](/uploading/declaring-formats/).

**Decimal fraction.** A percent format meaning your file writes rates as fractions: `0.0825` means 8.25%. The other format is Percent points. See [Declaring formats](/uploading/declaring-formats/).

**Default rate and net loss rate.** The two monthly rates, measured on outstanding balance, that drive the projected part of the loss curve and the pricing projection. The default rate is principal removed by charge-off per dollar outstanding and sets how fast defaults run the balance off; the net loss rate is net charge-off dollars per dollar outstanding and sets the loss booked. See [Credit loss measurement](/concepts/credit-loss-measurement/).

**Draft.** An upload that has not been finalized. Its data is not part of your portfolio yet. A draft stays resumable from Upload History until you finalize or delete it. See [Upload History](/uploading/upload-history/).

## E

**Editor.** The role shown as "View and update": full access to the data, including uploading and the Fields screen, without managing the team. See [Roles and permissions](/reference/roles-and-permissions/).

**Equity funding credit.** On the return-on-equity path in Pricing, the share of the loan funded by your allocated capital is credited back at the same blended funding rate, so debt funding is effectively charged on the rest of the balance. See [Loan pricing](/concepts/loan-pricing/).

**Estimated origination.** The flag on a loan whose age is measured from its first appearance in your data, because no origination date was supplied. Vintage does this only for a loan first seen after your earliest snapshot month, using that first month as its origination and its first balance as its original amount. See [Origination and term](/concepts/origination-and-term/).

**Event-shaped field.** A field whose absence on a loan means the event did not happen, rather than that data is missing: charge-off amounts and flags, recoveries, payoff and prepayment flags and amounts, explicit charge-off and payoff dates, and closure fields. Such a field counts when it is present anywhere in your data. See [Modeling methods](/reference/modeling-methods/).

**Excluded month.** For the prepayment measure, a month whose starting balance was not observed: a gap month, the month right after a gap, or a seasoned loan's first observed month. Both sides of the speed skip it, and a prepayment amount reported on one is counted and disclosed. See [Prepayment speeds](/concepts/prepayment-speeds/).

**Exited (other).** A loan ending that is neither a payoff nor a default: the loan was sold, participated out, or transferred. It is not counted as a payoff, contributes nothing to prepayment speeds, and stops counting toward loss experience at the age it left. See [Payoffs and exits](/concepts/payoffs-and-exits/).

**Exposure.** How many loans back a point on a curve, drawn as faint bars behind it. On the loss curve the bars are loans with data at that age; on the speed chart they are loans that could be measured for prepayment at that age. See [Vintage analysis](/concepts/vintage-analysis/).

## F

**Field.** What a column becomes once it is mapped: a Standard field or a custom field. Your organization keeps one field per name across uploads, each with one enforced value type. See [Fields](/portfolio/fields/).

**Fields screen.** The screen where admins and editors manage custom fields and set how Vintage reads Standard fields: value vocabularies, reporting basis, the Interest Rate format, and Portfolio semantics. See [Fields](/portfolio/fields/).

**File group.** One of the three kinds of file in an upload: Snapshot, Origination, or Transaction. You declare each file's group, and every file in a group shares one set of columns. See [Choosing files](/uploading/choosing-files/).

**Finalize.** Accepting an upload by continuing past the Review screen. The upload moves into Upload History and its data is folded into your portfolio. See [Finalizing and what happens next](/uploading/finalizing-and-what-happens-next/).

**Flag.** A column that marks an event: Charge-Off Flag, Payoff Flag, or Prepayment Flag. A flag value means an event only when you mark it as one. See [Classifying values](/uploading/classifying-values/).

**Funding curve (FTP).** Your institution's funds transfer pricing curve: the rate at each term that your treasury charges for funding. You type it in or upload it as a CSV; Vintage has no default, and Pricing shows no figures until you provide one. See [Pricing a loan](/modeling/pricing-a-loan/).

## I

**Incidence.** What your data says about an event itself, as distinct from how many loans are ready to measure it. The Review and the Portfolio screen state it one of three ways: a count of loans that recorded the event, the source the event is carried by when no per-loan column exists, or that nothing in the data reports it. See [Reviewing before you finalize](/uploading/reviewing-before-you-finalize/).

**In verification.** The Upload History status of an upload the Vintage team is finishing while it sets up a new organization's first portfolio. Nothing there needs you. See [Your first upload](/uploading/your-first-upload/).

**Inferred payoff.** A loan that stops appearing in your snapshots before your latest snapshot month, while it still owed a balance and was not within the final three months of its term, is treated as paid off in the month after it was last seen, at its last reported balance. Vintage applies this only to loans your data leaves open, and counts them. See [Payoffs and exits](/concepts/payoffs-and-exits/).

**Interest forgone on defaulted balances.** A component of the required rate: interest accrues only on the performing balance while funding and costs are charged on the whole balance carried, and the gap is a real cost. It is the note rate divided by 12, times the projection's total defaulted principal, over balance-years. See [Loan pricing](/concepts/loan-pricing/).

**Interval (~95%).** The shaded band over the observed part of the loss curve: a statistical interval that widens where data is thin or concentrated in a few large loans. Over the projected part, the band is a **projected range** instead. See [Reading the credit-loss section](/modeling/credit-loss/).

**IP allowlist.** An optional list of network addresses and ranges, managed by an admin, that limits where your organization can be reached from. See [Security and data protection](/reference/security-and-data-protection/#restricting-access-by-network).

## L

**Last observed age.** The deepest age a cohort's loans are old enough to have reached by the as-of date, with a loan that exited capped at the age it left. It is set by the calendar, not by what was reported, and it is not where the solid part of a curve ends. See [Vintage analysis](/concepts/vintage-analysis/).

**Last reliable age.** The oldest age the loss curve draws as measured: the last age backed by at least one-tenth as many loans as the cohort's best-backed age. Past it the curve is projected, even where a few loans still report. The speed chart's equivalent, its observed edge, is the last age with at least 20 measured loans. See [Credit loss measurement](/concepts/credit-loss-measurement/) and [Prepayment speeds](/concepts/prepayment-speeds/).

**Left truncation.** When every loan in a cohort entered your data some months into its life, so its measured experience begins at that age. Vintage does not invent rates for the earlier months; they are disclosed and kept as unobserved. See [Loan pricing](/concepts/loan-pricing/) and [Missing and unreported data](/concepts/missing-data/).

**Level-payment assumption.** The one assumption every projection makes: a loan repays in equal monthly payments that retire its balance by the end of its term. Nothing Vintage measures from your history assumes it; only figures carried past the edge of your data do, and each says so beside the figure. See [Vintage analysis](/concepts/vintage-analysis/).

**Life table.** The method behind both curves: a rate measured at each age from the loans that reached it, then accumulated. See [Vintage analysis](/concepts/vintage-analysis/).

**Lifetime loss.** The credit-loss headline: the cumulative loss curve read at the cohort's balance-weighted contractual term, as a percentage of original balance. Pricing's **projected lifetime loss for this loan** is a different figure, for the one loan being priced. See [Reading the credit-loss section](/modeling/credit-loss/).

**Loan ending.** The one event that ends a loan's life on the book: charged off, paid off, or exited (other). A loan has at most one, resolved once from all of your data and read the same way everywhere. See [How a loan's ending is decided](/concepts/how-a-loan-ends/).

**Loan ID.** Your identifier for a loan, and the only key that ties rows to one loan. It is the only field every file must have. It is scrambled into a protected ID in your browser before upload. See [Removing personal information](/uploading/removing-personal-information/).

## M

**Marginal loss rate.** See **Vintage loss rate**.

**Measured zero.** A zero Vintage measured, such as a cohort with charge-off data and no losses ("no charge-off dollars measured in this cohort"). It is distinct from a figure Vintage could not measure, which shows a dash. See [Charge-offs and recoveries](/concepts/charge-offs-and-recoveries/).

**Member.** A person who belongs to an organization, with one of three roles there: admin, editor, or viewer. An organization's data is shown only to its current members. See [Accounts and organizations](/getting-started/accounts-and-organizations/).

**Method.** One of the field combinations Vintage can measure an output from, lettered A, B, or C in order of preference. See [Modeling methods](/reference/modeling-methods/).

**Modeled loan.** A loan that can enter the age-indexed curves: it has at least one snapshot, it can be aged, it has a term, and it was not already closed on the first row Vintage sees for it. See [Origination and term](/concepts/origination-and-term/).

**Modeled output.** One of the three things Vintage models from your data: credit loss, payoff, and prepayment. The Modeling screen combines full payoffs and partial prepayments into one prepayment measure. See [Modeling methods](/reference/modeling-methods/).

## N

**Needs attention.** The Upload History status of an upload that cannot move without you: a file could not be processed, or the upload turned out to hold no data rows. Its row carries **Fix upload**. See [Upload History](/uploading/upload-history/).

**Net charge-off.** Charge-offs minus recoveries for a loan. Recoveries net against the charge-off at the loan level, all the way to zero and no further; a loan's booked loss is never negative. See [Charge-offs and recoveries](/concepts/charge-offs-and-recoveries/).

**Net present value (NPV).** In Pricing, the priced loan's month-by-month net income discounted at the blended funding rate the projection charges, so it reads as the loan's value added over its funding. See [Loan pricing](/concepts/loan-pricing/).

## O

**Observable-age floor.** The age at which Vintage's observation of a loan genuinely begins, for a loan already seasoned when your data starts. Ages below it are unobserved, not risk-free, and nothing is booked there. See [Missing and unreported data](/concepts/missing-data/).

**Open.** On the Portfolio screen, the status of a loan whose data proves no ending, with a faint **No exit reported** beneath it. On the Column Mapping screen, **Open (still active)** is the meaning you give a status value for a loan still on the book. See [The Portfolio screen](/portfolio/the-portfolio-screen/).

**Organization.** Your institution's account in Vintage, holding its portfolio, uploads, fields, and team. Its data is shown only to its members. See [Accounts and organizations](/getting-started/accounts-and-organizations/).

**Original balance.** The amount a loan was written for, used as the per-loan denominator of the loss curve. It is the Original Loan Amount you supply; without one, Vintage uses the first balance it sees and marks it estimated, and a loan already seasoned when your data begins is held out of the per-original-dollar curve. See [Origination and term](/concepts/origination-and-term/).

**Origination anchor.** The date a loan's age is measured from: the origination date you supplied, or, for a loan first seen after your earliest snapshot month, its first appearance. See [Origination and term](/concepts/origination-and-term/).

**Origination file.** A file group holding facts about loans as they were made, such as origination date and original amount. See [Choosing files](/uploading/choosing-files/).

## P

**Paid off.** A loan ending in which the borrower repaid the whole balance. See [Payoffs and exits](/concepts/payoffs-and-exits/).

**Partial charge-off.** A charge-off after which the loan keeps reporting, written down rather than closed. Vintage treats charge-offs this way only when your own data or your declaration says so; it changes when losses are booked, never the lifetime total. See [Charge-offs and recoveries](/concepts/charge-offs-and-recoveries/).

**Partial prepayment.** Extra principal paid on a loan that continues. See [Prepayment speeds](/concepts/prepayment-speeds/).

**Payoff.** One of the three modeled outputs: a loan repaid in full and closed. See [Payoffs and exits](/concepts/payoffs-and-exits/).

**Percent points.** A percent format meaning your file writes rates as percentages: `8.25` means 8.25%. It is the default for Interest Rate. See [Declaring formats](/uploading/declaring-formats/).

**PII (personal information).** Columns that identify a person, such as borrower names, addresses, phone numbers, and email addresses. You remove them at the Remove PII stage, in your browser, before anything is uploaded. See [Removing personal information](/uploading/removing-personal-information/).

**Portfolio.** Vintage's current, reconciled view of your loans, built from every accepted upload you have not deleted, and rebuilt when one is accepted or deleted. See [The Portfolio screen](/portfolio/the-portfolio-screen/).

**Portfolio semantics.** Facts about how your book behaves that no file can show, which you declare. Today there is one: whether a charged-off loan leaves your exports or can survive a partial write-down. It is asked at Review when the evidence appears and kept on the Fields screen. See [Fields](/portfolio/fields/).

**Post-terminal.** Months reported after a loan's ending. They are left out of the curves and counted; a loss or recovery reported in one books at the age of the ending, not the age it was reported. See [How a loan's ending is decided](/concepts/how-a-loan-ends/).

**Prepayment.** Principal returned faster than the contract requires. The Modeling screen measures full payoffs and partial prepayments together as unscheduled principal. See [Prepayment speeds](/concepts/prepayment-speeds/).

**Projected range.** The shaded fan around the projected part of the loss curve. It is a heuristic, not the same statistic as the interval over the observed part. See [Reading the credit-loss section](/modeling/credit-loss/).

**Proposed rate.** The optional rate you plan to offer, entered in Pricing. Vintage compares it with the required rate and, if you choose, models the loan at it. See [Pricing a loan](/modeling/pricing-a-loan/).

**Protected ID.** The one-way scrambled stand-in that replaces a Loan ID or Tax ID in your browser before upload. Within your organization, the same identifier always becomes the same protected ID, so Vintage recognizes a loan across uploads without holding the real number. See [Removing personal information](/uploading/removing-personal-information/).

**Provenance.** The link from a value back to where it came from: the upload, file, and column. It shows where a figure came from, never how many loans have one. See [Reviewing before you finalize](/uploading/reviewing-before-you-finalize/).

## R

**Readiness.** Whether one loan has enough data to support one modeled output, judged loan by loan after your upload is joined with your portfolio. See [Reviewing before you finalize](/uploading/reviewing-before-you-finalize/).

**Ready, Ready with gaps, Blocked.** The Review screen's verdict on an upload. **Ready**: its outputs have solid coverage. **Ready with gaps**: it can be finalized, but some modeled output is under 50% ready. **Blocked**: it contributes no usable data, beyond identifiers, tied to a Loan ID, and cannot be finalized. See [Reviewing before you finalize](/uploading/reviewing-before-you-finalize/).

**Reconciliation.** The Review screen's account of how your upload's rows narrow into loans: rows imported, rows linked to a Loan ID, and loans touched, split into new and matched. See [Reviewing before you finalize](/uploading/reviewing-before-you-finalize/).

**Recovery.** Money collected on a loan after it was charged off. It reduces that loan's net loss, even when reported months later. See [Charge-offs and recoveries](/concepts/charge-offs-and-recoveries/).

**Remove PII.** The upload stage, run in your browser, where you choose the Loan ID and Tax ID columns and remove columns of personal information before anything is uploaded. See [Removing personal information](/uploading/removing-personal-information/).

**Reporting basis.** For an amount column, whether it reports each month's activity, a life-to-date running total, or a year-to-date total that resets each January. Vintage suggests it when the column's history makes it clear and asks you when it cannot; either way it converts the column to monthly amounts before any calculation. See [Declaring formats](/uploading/declaring-formats/).

**Required rate.** The note rate at which the priced loan's own projected return meets the target you set. Vintage always solves for it. See [Loan pricing](/concepts/loan-pricing/).

**Return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), net interest margin (NIM).** Pricing's profitability figures, each annualized over the loan's balance-years. On the ROE path, your target ROA is your capital percentage times your target ROE. See [Loan pricing](/concepts/loan-pricing/).

**Retype.** Deliberately changing the value type of an established custom field. Vintage shows how many stored values would not fit first, then re-reads the field across your whole portfolio. See [Fields](/portfolio/fields/).

**Review.** The last upload stage: one screen showing the verdict, how your rows reconcile into loans, and what each output can be modeled with. Continuing past it finalizes the upload. See [Reviewing before you finalize](/uploading/reviewing-before-you-finalize/).

**Right-censoring.** Your data runs only up to the as-of date, so a young loan cannot yet show what happens at later ages. Vintage's loss rate at each age divides by loans old enough to have reached that age, so a young cohort does not bias the lifetime figure downward. See [Vintage analysis](/concepts/vintage-analysis/).

**Risk-adjusted return on capital (RAROC).** The Pricing path on which you state the required return as a target return on equity plus a capital allocation. Your target ROA is then the capital share times the target ROE, and the capital-funded share of the loan earns an equity funding credit. See [Loan pricing](/concepts/loan-pricing/).

## S

**Schedule basis.** The reported scheduled figures a prepayment speed is measured against: Scheduled Principal Due or Paid, or a Scheduled Payment Amount paired with an Actual Payment Amount for the same month. A loan without one gets no speed. See [Prepayment speeds](/concepts/prepayment-speeds/).

**Scheduled principal.** The part of a loan's contractual payment that reduces its balance. See [Prepayment speeds](/concepts/prepayment-speeds/).

**Segment.** The slice of your portfolio you define with filters on its fields. Filters combine with AND across fields and OR within one field. The same segment drives the Portfolio and Modeling screens, and it is saved for you. See [Segments](/portfolio/segments/).

**Segment Builder.** The panel beside the Portfolio and Modeling screens where you build your segment, with a live count of matching loans. See [Segments](/portfolio/segments/).

**Segment size maximum.** The most loans the Modeling screen will analyze in one segment. It belongs to your organization and is lower for a book with more months of history; the screen names your number. See [The Modeling screen](/modeling/the-modeling-screen/).

**Single monthly mortality (SMM).** The monthly prepayment speed: the unscheduled principal returned in a month, divided by the balance at the start of the month less that month's scheduled principal. The denominator is the balance that could have prepaid: what the loan owed at the start, less what the schedule was due to retire anyway. See [Prepayment speeds](/concepts/prepayment-speeds/).

**Snapshot.** A picture of your loan portfolio at one point in time: one row per loan, one column per characteristic. **Snapshot files** are the file group that carries them, taken monthly, quarterly, or yearly. See [Choosing files](/uploading/choosing-files/).

**Soft deletion.** Deleting an upload or file takes effect as soon as you confirm: Vintage rebuilds your portfolio without that data and keeps an audit history. The deleted rows' cell values are purged 90 days later. See [Upload History](/uploading/upload-history/).

**Source data.** Your accepted, scrubbed upload data, kept tied to the upload, file, row, and column it came from. It is what your portfolio is rebuilt from. See [Security and data protection](/reference/security-and-data-protection/).

**Standard field.** A field Vintage understands the meaning of, such as Current Balance or Net Charge-Off Amount. The set is fixed. See [Standard fields](/reference/standard-fields/).

**Status.** On the Portfolio screen, a loan's resolved ending: **Open**, **Paid off**, **Charged off**, or **Exited (other)**. It is Vintage's own answer, not your status code passed through. See [The Portfolio screen](/portfolio/the-portfolio-screen/).

**Strip funding.** How Pricing charges funding: each dollar of principal is funded to the month it leaves, at your curve's rate for that term, and the blend is charged as one flat rate on the balance carried. The screen names the bullet tenor the blend is equivalent to. See [Loan pricing](/concepts/loan-pricing/).

## T

**Tax ID.** The borrower's tax identifier (SSN, TIN, or EIN). Scrambled in your browser and stored; a fallback join key beside the primary Loan ID. See [Removing personal information](/uploading/removing-personal-information/).

**Term.** A loan's length in months: Term (Months) as supplied, or derived from a Maturity Date as the calendar months from origination to maturity. Every modeled output needs one. See [Origination and term](/concepts/origination-and-term/).

**Thin history, directional only.** The qualifier on a headline figure that rests on very little. On the lifetime loss: the WARM fallback, or five or fewer loans backing the deepest age the loss curve draws as observed. On the headline speed: fewer than 10 loans measured at the last age the speed chart draws as observed. It applies to any figure, favorable or not. See [Credit loss measurement](/concepts/credit-loss-measurement/) and [Prepayment speeds](/concepts/prepayment-speeds/).

**Transaction file.** A file group of individual loan events, such as charge-offs, recoveries, payoffs, and partial prepayments. See [Choosing files](/uploading/choosing-files/).

**Typed transaction ledger.** A transaction file with a kind code on each row (Transaction Type) and one generic amount column (Transaction Amount). You classify each code, and each row's amount is routed to the measure its kind names. See [Standard fields](/reference/standard-fields/#typed-transaction-ledger).

## U

**Universal base.** The fields every modeling method needs on the loan itself: a usable Loan ID, Snapshot Month, Current Balance, and a term (Term (Months) or Maturity Date). A loan missing any of them is ready for nothing. See [Modeling methods](/reference/modeling-methods/).

**Unscheduled principal.** Principal returned faster than the contractual schedule: full payoffs plus partial prepayments. It is the numerator of every prepayment speed. See [Prepayment speeds](/concepts/prepayment-speeds/).

**Upload.** One pass through the upload flow, which may carry several files across the three file groups and appears as one row in Upload History. **Upload** is also the name of the stage where your scrubbed files are sent and processed. See [How uploading works](/uploading/how-uploading-works/).

**Upload History.** The list of your organization's uploads, drafts and accepted, where you resume, reopen, or delete them. See [Upload History](/uploading/upload-history/).

## V

**Value classification.** Telling Vintage what each value in a status, flag, or Transaction Type column means. Your classifications belong to your organization, so later uploads with the same values ask nothing, and changing one re-reads your whole portfolio. See [Classifying values](/uploading/classifying-values/).

**Viewer.** The role shown as "View only": can explore and model the portfolio, but cannot upload or change data. New invitees start as viewers. See [Roles and permissions](/reference/roles-and-permissions/).

**Vintage analysis.** Grouping loans by when they were made and comparing them at the same age, so a loan made in one year and a loan made five years later both contribute to what happens in, say, month twelve. See [Vintage analysis](/concepts/vintage-analysis/).

**Vintage loss rate.** At each age, net charge-offs divided by the original balance of every loan old enough to have reached that age, including loans that have since paid off or charged off. See [Credit loss measurement](/concepts/credit-loss-measurement/).

**Vintage support.** How a Vintage teammate appears on your Team list while finishing your organization's first portfolio. Your admin can remove them at any time. See [Your first upload](/uploading/your-first-upload/).

## W

**WARM (weighted-average remaining maturity).** The fallback Vintage uses when a cohort is too young or too thin to support a vintage loss curve. It projects with one constant rate, the cohort's charge-offs divided by the balance it carried while taking them, says so on screen, and draws no range around the curve. See [Credit loss measurement](/concepts/credit-loss-measurement/).

**Weighted-average life.** See **Adjusted term**.

## Related

- [Standard fields](/reference/standard-fields/)
- [Modeling methods](/reference/modeling-methods/)
- [What Vintage Modeling does](/getting-started/what-vintage-modeling-does/)
- [Vintage analysis](/concepts/vintage-analysis/)
- [What Vintage does not do](/concepts/what-vintage-does-not-do/)